Doctors whose training on nutrition received from medical school is generally limited if any may advise their patients with bone disease to take calcium supplements with or without supplementation of vitamin D.
But the current study led by Ian Reid, MD, of the University of Auckland in New Zealand, and colleagues showed patients who had osteoporosis and took calcium supplements were 30 percent more likely to suffer myocardial infarction or heart attack.
The study was based on data from 11 previous clinical trials of 11,921 participants who were followed for a mean period of four years and five observational studies of 8151 participants who were followed for 3.6 years on average.
In the current study, separate analyses of data from both types of studies showed similar results, using calcium supplements was associated with 30 percent increased risk of myocardial infarction.
In the analysis of data from studies which were reported by patients, calcium supplementation was linked with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in those who had a dietary calcium intake above an average 805 mg per day, but not in those with a lower dietary intake.
How could calcium supplements increase risk of myocardial infarction?
A myocardial infarction or heart attack occurs when blood flow to an area of the heart muscle is completely blocked, according to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.
The blockage results from coronary artery disease - a condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. The plaque consists of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances in the blood.
It should not be news that calcium supplements increase risk of cardiovascular disease such as heart attack as many studies have demonstrated the association.
The drugs of this class are known to reduce risk of coronary calcification and retard progression of atherosclerosis, Alcocer et al. said in their report published this year in American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs.
The current study even though there are some limitations suggests that too much calcium can be a risk for myocardial infarction or heart attack.
High concentrations of calcium are found in both animal-based foods such as milk, yogurt and cheddar cheese and plant-based foods such as pinto beans, red beans, white beans, tofu, bok choy, kale, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, rhubarb and spinach.
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